---
title: The enemy is always a Saracen or a follower of Mahomet. — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: The enemy is always a Saracen or a follower of Mahomet. Who acts: enemy. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Opening, sentence 19

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The enemy is always a Saracen or a follower of Mahomet.

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**Who acts:** enemy · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Saracen

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:1:19
# text = The enemy is always a Saracen or a follower of Mahomet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Saracen	Saracen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	follower	follower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Mahomet	Mahomet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the enemy | a Saracen or a follower of Mahomet |  |  |  | a follower of Mahomet *conj*; always *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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