---
title: In the romance Charlemagne's rearguard is destroyed by an overpoweri… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the romance Charlemagne's rearguard is destroyed by an overpowering force of Saracens. Who acts: overpowering force. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Opening, sentence 21

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In the romance Charlemagne's rearguard is destroyed by an overpowering force of Saracens.

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**Who acts:** overpowering force · **What happens:** destroy, overpower · **To what, where:** rearguard, romance

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (overpowering force), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:1:21
# text = In the romance Charlemagne's rearguard is destroyed by an overpowering force of Saracens.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	romance	romance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	Charlemagne	Charlemagne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	rearguard	rearguard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	overpowering	overpower	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Saracens	saracen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present · passive | a overpowering force of Saracens | Charlemagne's rearguard |  | the romance |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **overpower** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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