---
title: What really happened was that it was attacked, probably for the sake… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: What really happened was that it was attacked, probably for the sake of plundering the baggage, by a gathering of mountaineers, who are called Gascons by the chroniclers, but were, in fact, Basques. Who acts: sake, chroniclers. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Opening, sentence 22

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What really happened was that it was attacked, probably for the sake of plundering the baggage, by a gathering of mountaineers, who are called Gascons by the chroniclers, but were, in fact, Basques.

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**Who acts:** sake, chroniclers · **What happens:** happen, attack, plunder, call, be · **To what, where:** baggage, mountaineers, fact · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sake, chroniclers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:1:22
# text = What really happened was that it was attacked, probably for the sake of plundering the baggage, by a gathering of mountaineers, who are called Gascons by the chroniclers, but were, in fact, Basques.
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	really	really	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	attacked	attack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	plundering	plunder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	baggage	baggage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	gathering	gathering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	mountaineers	mountaineer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
28	Gascons	gascon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	xcomp	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	chroniclers	chronicler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
34	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	Basques	basque	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **attack** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | What *nsubj:pass*; rearguard *nsubj:pass*; the sake *conj* | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **plunder** | gerund | the sake *not said here* | the baggage |  |  |  | by a gathering of mountaineers | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baggage=Source |
| 4 | **call** | present · passive | the chroniclers | mountaineers |  |  |  | Gascons *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  | fact and Basques |  | Basques *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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