---
title: Then, again, we find the romance writers in sympathy with the great… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then, again, we find the romance writers in sympathy with the great feudatories, indicating the time before the French monarchy had become consolidated, when the king at Paris had all that he could do to hold his own against his powerful vassals, the Dukes of Brittany and Burgundy, and the English k
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Opening, sentence 23

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Then, again, we find the romance writers in sympathy with the great feudatories, indicating the time before the French monarchy had become consolidated, when the king at Paris had all that he could do to hold his own against his powerful vassals, the Dukes of Brittany and Burgundy, and the English king.

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**Who acts:** we, French monarchy, king · **What happens:** find, indicate, become, consolidate, have, hold · **To what, where:** romance writers, sympathy, own, powerful vassals

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, French monarchy, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:1:23
# text = Then, again, we find the romance writers in sympathy with the great feudatories, indicating the time before the French monarchy had become consolidated, when the king at Paris had all that he could do to hold his own against his powerful vassals, the Dukes of Brittany and Burgundy, and the English king.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	romance	romance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	sympathy	sympathy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	feudatories	feudatory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	indicating	indicate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	monarchy	monarchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
26	consolidated	consolidate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	33	advmod	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
31	at	at	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
34	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	40	det:predet	_	_
35	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
36	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
37	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	33	parataxis	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	obj	_	_
43	against	against	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
45	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	vassals	vassal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	Dukes	Duke	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	46	conj	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	Brittany	Brittany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	Burgundy	Burgundy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
55	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | we | the romance writers |  | sympathy with the great feudatories | then; again |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writer=Topic |
| 2 | **indicate** | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **become** | past · perfect | the French monarchy |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **consolidate** | participle | the French monarchy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **have** | past | the king at Paris |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **hold** | to-infinitive · do-support |  | king's own |  | king's powerful vassals and the Dukes of Brittany and Burgundy |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent own=Theme against vassal=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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