---
title: When King Charles saw them he was not a little astonished, and leapi… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When King Charles saw them he was not a little astonished, and leaping upon his horse he cried aloud, "Now shall I see who is on my side." Who acts: King, Roland. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Mawgis Became a Hermit, with its depende
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Mawgis Became a Hermit, sentence 36

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When King Charles saw them he was not a little astonished, and leaping upon his horse he cried aloud, "Now shall I see who is on my side."

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** King, Roland · **What happens:** see, not be, leap, cry, be · **To what, where:** horses, horse, side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Mawgis Became a Hermit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:10:36
# text = When King Charles saw them he was not a little astonished, and leaping upon his horse he cried aloud, "Now shall I see who is on my side."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
27	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | King | horses *= horse* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | King |  |  |  |  | a little *obl:unmarked*; astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **leap** | gerund | King *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon King's horse | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon horse=Trajectory |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | King | King's horse *not said here* |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Topic |
| 5 | **see** *in a quote* | shall | Roland |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  | my side |  | who *nsubj*; my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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