---
title: I swear by my baptism," cried Reynaud, "that this is not so, and I k… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: I swear by my baptism," cried Reynaud, "that this is not so, and I know not whither he is gone." Who acts: I, Reynaud, this. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 20

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I swear by my baptism," cried Reynaud, "that this is not so, and I know not whither he is gone."

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**Who acts:** I, Reynaud, this · **What happens:** swear, cry, not be, not know, be

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Reynaud, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:11:20
# text = I swear by my baptism," cried Reynaud, "that this is not so, and I know not whither he is gone."
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swear	swear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	baptism	baptism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	parataxis	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
22	whither	whither	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | present | I |  |  |  |  | by my baptism | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | Reynaud *not said here* |  |  |  |  | Reynaud *flat* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | this |  |  |  |  | so *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **know** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | present | Reynaud |  |  |  |  | gone, whither *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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