---
title: When Reynaud heard these words he rose up from his knees, for before… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Reynaud heard these words he rose up from his knees, for before he had been kneeling to the King, and said, speaking to Roland and to the other lords that were of the King's part, "Seeing that the King has hardened his heart, and will have no mercy on me and my kinsmen, I do call you to witness
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When Reynaud heard these words he rose up from his knees, for before he had been kneeling to the King, and said, speaking to Roland and to the other lords that were of the King's part, "Seeing that the King has hardened his heart, and will have no mercy on me and my kinsmen, I do call you to witness that I will henceforth seek my right by all means that a true knight may lawfully use."

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**Who acts:** Reynaud, that, King, I, all, true knight · **What happens:** hear, rise up, kneel, say, speak, be · **To what, where:** words, knees, King, Roland, heart, mercy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reynaud, that, King, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:11:24
# text = When Reynaud heard these words he rose up from his knees, for before he had been kneeling to the King, and said, speaking to Roland and to the other lords that were of the King's part, "Seeing that the King has hardened his heart, and will have no mercy on me and my kinsmen, I do call you to witness that I will henceforth seek my right by all means that a true knight may lawfully use."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
14	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	aux	_	_
18	kneeling	kneel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	lords	lord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	_
34	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	nsubj	_	_
35	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	's	's	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	Seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	conj	_	_
44	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
47	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
48	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	43	advcl	_	_
49	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
50	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
53	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	54	aux	_	_
54	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	ccomp	_	_
55	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	56	det	_	_
56	mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	_
57	on	on	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	54	obl	_	_
59	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
60	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	61	nmod:poss	_	_
61	kinsmen	kinsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
63	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	65	nsubj	_	_
64	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	65	aux	_	_
65	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	54	parataxis	_	_
66	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	65	obj	_	_
67	to	to	PART	TO	_	68	mark	_	_
68	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	xcomp	_	_
69	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	73	obj	_	_
70	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	73	nsubj	_	_
71	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	73	aux	_	_
72	henceforth	henceforth	ADV	RB	_	73	advmod	_	_
73	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	68	acl:relcl	_	_
74	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	75	nmod:poss	_	_
75	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	obj	_	_
76	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	78	mark	_	_
77	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	78	nsubj	_	_
78	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	73	advcl	_	_
79	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	85	mark	_	_
80	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	82	det	_	_
81	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	82	amod	_	_
82	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	85	nsubj	_	_
83	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	85	aux	_	_
84	lawfully	lawfully	ADV	RB	_	85	advmod	_	_
85	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	78	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
86	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	54	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	54	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Reynaud | this words |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 2 | **rise up** | past | Reynaud | this words *not said here* |  | Reynaud's knees |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient word=Extent from knee=Initial\_State |
| 3 | **kneel** | past · perfect · progressive | Reynaud |  | the King |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to king=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  | Roland |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to roland=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **is** | past | that |  |  |  |  | of the King's part; to the other lords; the King *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 7 | **see** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 8 | **harden** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the King | King's heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 9 | **have** *in a quote* | future |  | no mercy |  |  |  | on me | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mercy=Patient |
| 10 | **call** *in a quote* | present · do-support | I |  | you |  |  | witness *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |
| 11 | **seek** *in a quote* | future | I | witness |  |  |  | my right *obj*; henceforth *property* | tree rules |
| 12 | **mean** *in a quote* | present | all |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 13 | **use** *in a quote* | may | a true knight |  |  |  |  | lawfully *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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