---
title: When the boy Aymon, that was son to Reynaud, heard this, he said, "W… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When the boy Aymon, that was son to Reynaud, heard this, he said, "What profits it, uncle, to speak of that which is past and gone? Who acts: boy Aymon, Aymon. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban, with its dependenc
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 61

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When the boy Aymon, that was son to Reynaud, heard this, he said, "What profits it, uncle, to speak of that which is past and gone?

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**Who acts:** boy Aymon, Aymon · **What happens:** be, hear, say, profit, speak, go · **To what, where:** son, Reynaud, this, horse · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy Aymon, Aymon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:11:61
# text = When the boy Aymon, that was son to Reynaud, heard this, he said, "What profits it, uncle, to speak of that which is past and gone?
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Aymon	Aymon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
13	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	20	nsubj	_	_
20	profits	profit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	obl	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	parataxis	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | that son | Reynaud |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | past | the boy Aymon | this |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 3 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Aymon |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **profit** *in a quote* | present |  | horse |  |  |  | uncle *obl*; What *nsubj* | vn benefit-72.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of that | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | which *nsubj*; past *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **go** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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