---
title: When Richard heard the boy speak so wisely he took him in his arms a… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Richard heard the boy speak so wisely he took him in his arms and kissed him, weeping the while, and said to Reynaud, "Let my horse be killed and given for meat to the Lady Clare and to the young boys my nephews, and to others that have need." Who acts: Richard, horse, that. A sentence of «Stor
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 63

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When Richard heard the boy speak so wisely he took him in his arms and kissed him, weeping the while, and said to Reynaud, "Let my horse be killed and given for meat to the Lady Clare and to the young boys my nephews, and to others that have need."

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**Who acts:** Richard, horse, that · **What happens:** hear, speak, take, kiss, weep, say · **To what, where:** boy, arms, Richard, Reynaud, horse, need · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Richard, horse, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:11:63
# text = When Richard heard the boy speak so wisely he took him in his arms and kissed him, weeping the while, and said to Reynaud, "Let my horse be killed and given for meat to the Lady Clare and to the young boys my nephews, and to others that have need."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	wisely	wisely	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	weeping	weep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	ccomp	_	_
30	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	xcomp	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	conj	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	Lady	Lady	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	compound	_	_
41	Clare	Clare	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
43	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	conj	_	_
47	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	48	nmod:poss	_	_
48	nephews	nephew	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
51	to	to	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	obl	_	_
53	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	54	nsubj	_	_
54	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
55	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Richard | the boy |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer boy=Stimulus |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | past | Richard | boy |  | Richard's arms |  | wisely *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **kiss** | past | Richard *not said here* | Richard |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **weep** | gerund | Richard *not said here* |  |  |  | while |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Richard *not said here* |  | Reynaud |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to reynaud=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 7 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | my horse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **kill** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive | my horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 9 | **give** *in a quote* | participle | my horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for meat to the Lady Clare and the young boys and my nephews | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for meat=Asset |
| 10 | **have** *in a quote* | present | that | need |  |  |  | to others | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent need=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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