---
title: The next day the Duke Aymon called his steward and said to him, "Tak… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day the Duke Aymon called his steward and said to him, "Take now the three engines that the King commanded me to make for assailing the castle, and fill them, not with stones, but with flesh, both salt and fresh, and with loaves of bread, and with other victuals, and cause that they dischar
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 83

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The next day the Duke Aymon called his steward and said to him, "Take now the three engines that the King commanded me to make for assailing the castle, and fill them, not with stones, but with flesh, both salt and fresh, and with loaves of bread, and with other victuals, and cause that they discharge these things into the castle."

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**Who acts:** Duke Aymon, King, engines · **What happens:** call, say, take, command, make, assail · **To what, where:** steward, Aymon, three engines, castle, engines, things · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Aymon, King, engines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:11:83
# text = The next day the Duke Aymon called his steward and said to him, "Take now the three engines that the King commanded me to make for assailing the castle, and fill them, not with stones, but with flesh, both salt and fresh, and with loaves of bread, and with other victuals, and cause that they discharge these things into the castle."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Aymon	Aymon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	steward	steward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
28	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
29	assailing	assail	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
38	with	with	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	with	with	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
45	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc:preconj	_	_
46	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
51	with	with	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	loaves	loaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
57	with	with	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
62	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
63	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	65	mark	_	_
64	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	65	nsubj	_	_
65	discharge	discharge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	62	advcl	_	_
66	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	67	det	_	_
67	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	65	obj	_	_
68	into	into	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
69	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
70	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
71	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke Aymon | Aymon's steward |  |  | day | with flesh; with other victuals; salt *xcomp*; loaves of bread *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent steward=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke Aymon *not said here* |  | Aymon |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the three engines |  |  | now |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Theme |
| 4 | **command** *in a quote* | past | the King | the three engines |  |  |  | me *obj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **make** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | the King *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 6 | **assail** *in a quote* | gerund | the King *not said here* | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Patient |
| 7 | **fill** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | engines *= engine* |  |  |  | with stones | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with stone=Instrument |
| 8 | **cause** *in a quote* | infinitive | the Duke Aymon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 9 | **discharge** *in a quote* | present | engines *= engine* | this things |  | the castle |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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