---
title: When the messenger came back with these tidings, how that the King w… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When the messenger came back with these tidings, how that the King was still hardened but that the Peers had departed from him, Reynaud was greatly moved, and turning to Duke Richard he said, "I pray you, my good cousin, pardon me for the great shame that I have done you." Who acts: messenger, Peers
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 102

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When the messenger came back with these tidings, how that the King was still hardened but that the Peers had departed from him, Reynaud was greatly moved, and turning to Duke Richard he said, "I pray you, my good cousin, pardon me for the great shame that I have done you."

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**Who acts:** messenger, Peers, King · **What happens:** come back, harden, depart, move, turn, say · **To what, where:** King, Reynaud, Duke Richard, you, great shame · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messenger, Peers, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:12:102
# text = When the messenger came back with these tidings, how that the King was still hardened but that the Peers had departed from him, Reynaud was greatly moved, and turning to Duke Richard he said, "I pray you, my good cousin, pardon me for the great shame that I have done you."
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Peers	Peer	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	departed	depart	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
26	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
28	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
32	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	37	csubj	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	ccomp	_	_
42	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
44	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
45	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
48	pardon	pardon	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	_
49	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	48	obj	_	_
50	for	for	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
54	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	57	obj	_	_
55	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	57	nsubj	_	_
56	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
57	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	53	acl:relcl	_	_
58	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	57	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | past | the messenger |  |  |  |  | with this tidings | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **harden** | past · passive |  | the King |  |  | still |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **depart** | past · perfect | the Peers |  |  |  |  | from King | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from he=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **move** | past · passive |  | Reynaud |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: subject=Result |
| 5 | **turn** | gerund |  |  | Duke Richard |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to richard=Result |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | King |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **pray** *in a quote* | present | King | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **pardon** *in a quote* | infinitive | King *not said here* | King |  |  |  | for the great shame | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent i=Theme for shame=Attribute |
| 9 | **do** *in a quote* | present · perfect | King | the great shame | you |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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