---
title: He said that he had seen them keeping a great court at the city of A… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He said that he had seen them keeping a great court at the city of Ardennes, and that they had much treasure with them, and a great company. Who acts: messenger, tidings. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made, with its depende
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He said that he had seen them keeping a great court at the city of Ardennes, and that they had much treasure with them, and a great company.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** messenger, tidings · **What happens:** say, see, keep, have · **To what, where:** tidings, great court, city, much treasure · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messenger, tidings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:12:16
# text = He said that he had seen them keeping a great court at the city of Ardennes, and that they had much treasure with them, and a great company.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Ardennes	Ardennes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
22	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | messenger |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | past · perfect | messenger | tidings *= tiding* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | messenger *not said here* | a great court |  | the city of Ardennes |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent court=Theme at city=Location |
| 4 | **have** | past | tidings *= tiding* | much treasure |  |  |  | with commandment; a great company *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treasure=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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