---
title: The Duke Naymes said, "We must find out what has overtaken these peo… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Duke Naymes said, "We must find out what has overtaken these people; let us feign to make an assault." Who acts: Duke Naymes, We, us. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 3

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The Duke Naymes said, "We must find out what has overtaken these people; let us feign to make an assault."

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**Who acts:** Duke Naymes, We, us · **What happens:** say, find out, overtake, let, feign, make · **To what, where:** people, us, assault · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes, We, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:12:3
# text = The Duke Naymes said, "We must find out what has overtaken these people; let us feign to make an assault."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	overtaken	overtake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
14	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
18	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	feign	feign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke Naymes |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **find out** *in a quote* | must | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **overtake** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | this people |  |  |  | what *nsubj:pass* | tree rules |
| 4 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **feign** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **make** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | us *not said here* | a assault |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset assault=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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