---
title: When Roland saw how his uncle fought in the very front of the battle… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Roland saw how his uncle fought in the very front of the battle, he was greatly afraid lest some mischance should befall him. Who acts: Roland, uncle, King, mischance. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made, with its depen
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 40

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When Roland saw how his uncle fought in the very front of the battle, he was greatly afraid lest some mischance should befall him.

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**Who acts:** Roland, uncle, King, mischance · **What happens:** see, fight, be, befall · **To what, where:** front, King · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, uncle, King, mischance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:12:40
# text = When Roland saw how his uncle fought in the very front of the battle, he was greatly afraid lest some mischance should befall him.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
20	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	det	_	_
22	mischance	mischance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	befall	befall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	ccomp	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fight** | past | King's uncle |  |  | the front of the battle |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | King |  |  |  |  | afraid, greatly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **befall** | should | some mischance | King |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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