---
title: These sons of Aymon are the best knights in all the world, and they… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: These sons of Aymon are the best knights in all the world, and they have asked peace of you, not once only but many times, and you have hardened your heart against them." Who acts: sons, you. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was M
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 71

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These sons of Aymon are the best knights in all the world, and they have asked peace of you, not once only but many times, and you have hardened your heart against them."

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**Who acts:** sons, you · **What happens:** be, ask, harden, pacify · **To what, where:** best knights, world, heart, you

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:12:71
# text = These sons of Aymon are the best knights in all the world, and they have asked peace of you, not once only but many times, and you have hardened your heart against them."
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Aymon	Aymon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
23	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	24	advmod	_	_
24	only	only	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
26	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	parataxis	_	_
33	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	against	against	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this sons of Aymon | the best knights and asked peace of you  many times |  | all world |  | asked peace of you  many times *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present · perfect | sons *= son* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **harden** | present · perfect | you | your heart |  |  |  | against sons *= son* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 4 | **pacify** |  |  | you |  |  |  |  | nom peace «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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