---
title: The Duke answered, "There came to my chamber ten churls saying that… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Duke answered, "There came to my chamber ten churls saying that you had given commandment that I should be hanged, a thing which I could in no wise believe. Who acts: Duke, ten churls, you. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 88

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Duke answered, "There came to my chamber ten churls saying that you had given commandment that I should be hanged, a thing which I could in no wise believe.

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**Who acts:** Duke, ten churls, you · **What happens:** answer, come, say, give, hange, believe · **To what, where:** chamber, commandment · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, ten churls, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:12:88
# text = The Duke answered, "There came to my chamber ten churls saying that you had given commandment that I should be hanged, a thing which I could in no wise believe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	chamber	chamber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	churls	churl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	_
18	commandment	commandment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	hanged	hange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	32	det	_	_
32	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	obl	_	_
33	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** *in a quote* | past | the Duke *not said here* |  |  | my chamber  ten churls and a thing; there |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to chamber=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | gerund | ten churls *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **give** *in a quote* | past · perfect | you | commandment |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commandment=Theme |
| 5 | **hange** *in a quote* | should · passive |  | commandment |  |  |  | I *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **believe** *in a quote* | could |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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