---
title: Be courteous," he said, "to all ladies; reverence those above you; b… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Be courteous," he said, "to all ladies; reverence those above you; be ready to help those that are in need; love your neighbour; so shall you have praise of all men." Who acts: Montalban, reverence, those, you. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Chur
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Reynaud's End, sentence 23

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Be courteous," he said, "to all ladies; reverence those above you; be ready to help those that are in need; love your neighbour; so shall you have praise of all men."

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**Who acts:** Montalban, reverence, those, you · **What happens:** be, say, help, love, have, praise · **To what, where:** ladies, need, neighbour, praise, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Reynaud's End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Montalban, reverence, those, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:13:23
# text = Be courteous," he said, "to all ladies; reverence those above you; be ready to help those that are in need; love your neighbour; so shall you have praise of all men."
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	courteous	courteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
13	reverence	reverence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
14	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	nsubj	_	_
15	above	above	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	cop	_	_
19	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	26	nsubj	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
28	love	love	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
29	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	so	so	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
33	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
36	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	39	det	_	_
39	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | courteous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Montalban |  | all ladies |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to lady=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive | reverence |  |  |  |  | those above you *nsubj*; ready *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **help** | to-infinitive | reverence *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | those |  |  | need |  | that *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **love** | infinitive |  | your neighbour |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neighbour=Stimulus |
| 7 | **have** | shall | you | praise of all men |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent praise=Patient |
| 8 | **praise** |  |  | all men |  |  |  |  | nom praise «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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