---
title: My guest and I are shivering with cold; such evil weather I have nev… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: My guest and I are shivering with cold; such evil weather I have never seen." Who acts: I. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Entertained the King, sentence 25

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My guest and I are shivering with cold; such evil weather I have never seen."

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** shiver, not see · **To what, where:** such evil weather, guest

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:14:25
# text = My guest and I are shivering with cold; such evil weather I have never seen."
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shiver** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | with cold | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | I | such evil weather *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer weather=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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