---
title: When they had warmed themselves awhile by the fire, which was blazin… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When they had warmed themselves awhile by the fire, which was blazing in right royal fashion, Ralph cried to his wife, "Let us have supper, Gillian, as quickly as may be, and of the best, for we have had a toilsome day, and may well have a merry night. Who acts: capons, fire, Ralph, us. A sentence o
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Entertained the King, sentence 31

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When they had warmed themselves awhile by the fire, which was blazing in right royal fashion, Ralph cried to his wife, "Let us have supper, Gillian, as quickly as may be, and of the best, for we have had a toilsome day, and may well have a merry night.

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**Who acts:** capons, fire, Ralph, us, we · **What happens:** warm, blaze, cry, let, have, be · **To what, where:** capons, right royal fashion, wife, us, supper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (capons, fire, Ralph, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:14:31
# text = When they had warmed themselves awhile by the fire, which was blazing in right royal fashion, Ralph cried to his wife, "Let us have supper, Gillian, as quickly as may be, and of the best, for we have had a toilsome day, and may well have a merry night.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	warmed	warm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	awhile	awhile	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	blazing	blaze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	Ralph	Ralph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
27	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	Gillian	Gillian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	37	cc	_	_
34	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
35	as	as	ADP	IN	_	33	fixed	_	_
36	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
44	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
45	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
46	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
47	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	42	parataxis	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	toilsome	toilsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
53	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	55	aux	_	_
54	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	55	advmod	_	_
55	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
56	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** | past · perfect | capons *= capon* | capons *= capon* |  |  |  | by the fire; awhile *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient |
| 2 | **blaze** | past · progressive | the fire | right royal fashion |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fashion=Theme |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Ralph |  | Ralph's wife |  |  | of the best | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to wife=Recipient |
| 4 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive | Ralph *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* | supper |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent supper=Patient |
| 6 | **be** *in a quote* | may | Ralph *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **have** *in a quote* | present · perfect | we |  |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **have** *in a quote* | may | Ralph *not said here* |  |  |  | night | well *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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