---
title: As he rode in sore plight, not knowing where he might find shelter,… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: As he rode in sore plight, not knowing where he might find shelter, he was aware of a churl, who was leading a mare carrying two great panniers. " Who acts: need, churl, mare. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King,
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Entertained the King, sentence 5

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As he rode in sore plight, not knowing where he might find shelter, he was aware of a churl, who was leading a mare carrying two great panniers. "

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**Who acts:** need, churl, mare · **What happens:** ride, not know, find, be, lead, carry · **To what, where:** sore plight, shelter, mare, two great panniers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (need, churl, mare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:14:5
# text = As he rode in sore plight, not knowing where he might find shelter, he was aware of a churl, who was leading a mare carrying two great panniers. "
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plight	plight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
14	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	aware	aware	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	acl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	nummod	_	_
30	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	panniers	pannier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
33	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | need |  |  | sore plight |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **know** | gerund | need *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **find** | might | need | shelter |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelter=Topic |
| 4 | **is** | past | need |  |  |  |  | of a churl; aware *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **lead** | past · progressive | a churl | a mare |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mare=Theme |
| 6 | **carry** | gerund | a mare *not said here* | two great panniers |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pannier=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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