---
title: Said the porter, "There is one at the gate, a churl that has a mare… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Said the porter, "There is one at the gate, a churl that has a mare and two panniers of coals, and he clamours to be let in at the gate." " Who acts: porter, churl. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Went to Court, with its dependen
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/15/43/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [How Ralph Went to Court](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/15/) / 43

# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Went to Court, sentence 43

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Said the porter, "There is one at the gate, a churl that has a mare and two panniers of coals, and he clamours to be let in at the gate." "

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** porter, churl · **What happens:** say, be, have, clamour, let in · **To what, where:** one, gate, mare · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Went to Court. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porter, churl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:15:43
# text = Said the porter, "There is one at the gate, a churl that has a mare and two panniers of coals, and he clamours to be let in at the gate." "
1	Said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	ccomp	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	panniers	pannier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	coals	coal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	clamours	clamour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	advcl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
32	at	at	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the porter |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | one |  | the gate; there |  | a churl *appos* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | a churl | a mare and two panniers of coals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mare=Patient |
| 4 | **clamour** *in a quote* | present | porter |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **let in** *in a quote* | to-infinitive · passive | porter *not said here* |  |  | the gate |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: at gate=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/15/42/)
- next →: [sentence 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/15/44/)
- ↑ back to [How Ralph Went to Court](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/15/)