---
title: When he had thus spoken he lay down under a tree, and having tied hi… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When he had thus spoken he lay down under a tree, and having tied his horse to one of the boughs, took off his armour. Who acts: man. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 11

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When he had thus spoken he lay down under a tree, and having tied his horse to one of the boughs, took off his armour.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** speak, lie down, tie, take off · **To what, where:** tree, horse, one, armour · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:16:11
# text = When he had thus spoken he lay down under a tree, and having tied his horse to one of the boughs, took off his armour.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	aux	_	_
15	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	boughs	bough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
25	off	off	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · perfect | man |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie down** | past | man |  |  | a tree |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location |
| 3 | **tie** | gerund · perfect | man *not said here* | man's horse | one of the boughs |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent horse=Patient to one=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **take off** | past | man *not said here* | man's armour |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent armour=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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