---
title: Ten kings have I slain already in single combat; there was not one o… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ten kings have I slain already in single combat; there was not one of them, for all that they were mighty men of valour, that could stand against me." Who acts: one, Oliver, valour. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 14

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Ten kings have I slain already in single combat; there was not one of them, for all that they were mighty men of valour, that could stand against me."

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**Who acts:** one, Oliver, valour · **What happens:** slay, be, stand · **To what, where:** Ten kings, single combat

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Oliver, valour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:16:14
# text = Ten kings have I slain already in single combat; there was not one of them, for all that they were mighty men of valour, that could stand against me."
1	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
29	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl:relcl	_	_
31	against	against	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | present · perfect · passive |  | Ten kings |  | single combat |  | I *nsubj* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | past | one of Oliver |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | Oliver |  |  |  |  | for all mighty men; of valour | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand** | could | valour |  |  |  |  | against me | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against i=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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