---
title: When King Charles heard these threatenings and challenges he said to… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When King Charles heard these threatenings and challenges he said to Richard of Normandy, "Who is this knight that speaks so boldly?" Who acts: King, Richard, knight. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, with 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 15

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When King Charles heard these threatenings and challenges he said to Richard of Normandy, "Who is this knight that speaks so boldly?"

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**Who acts:** King, Richard, knight · **What happens:** hear, say, be, speak · **To what, where:** threatenings, Richard, knight · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Richard, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:16:15
# text = When King Charles heard these threatenings and challenges he said to Richard of Normandy, "Who is this knight that speaks so boldly?"
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	threatenings	threatening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	challenges	challenge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Normandy	Normandy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	boldly	boldly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | King | this threatenings and challenges |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer threatening=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | King |  | Richard of Normandy |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to richard=Recipient |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Richard of Normandy | this knight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | this knight |  |  |  |  | boldly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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