---
title: Thereupon Roland drew his sword and would have smitten his uncle had… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thereupon Roland drew his sword and would have smitten his uncle had he not been held by the bystanders. Who acts: Roland, bystanders. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 29

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Thereupon Roland drew his sword and would have smitten his uncle had he not been held by the bystanders.

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**Who acts:** Roland, bystanders · **What happens:** draw, smite, not hold · **To what, where:** sword, uncle

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, bystanders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:16:29
# text = Thereupon Roland drew his sword and would have smitten his uncle had he not been held by the bystanders.
1	Thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
9	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	bystanders	bystander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Roland | Roland's sword |  |  |  | thereupon *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |
| 2 | **smite** | would · perfect | Roland *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **hold** | past · perfect · passive | the bystanders | Roland's uncle |  |  |  | Roland *nsubj:pass* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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