---
title: And Oliver leapt lightly into the saddle without so much as touching… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Oliver leapt lightly into the saddle without so much as touching it, and put his shield into place, and took a spear very long and sharply pointed. Who acts: Oliver. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, wi
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 51

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And Oliver leapt lightly into the saddle without so much as touching it, and put his shield into place, and took a spear very long and sharply pointed.

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**Who acts:** Oliver · **What happens:** leapt, touch, put, take · **To what, where:** saddle, shield, place, spear

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:16:51
# text = And Oliver leapt lightly into the saddle without so much as touching it, and put his shield into place, and took a spear very long and sharply pointed.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	leapt	leapt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	very	very	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	advcl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	pointed	pointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leapt** | present | Oliver |  |  | the saddle |  | without much; lightly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **touch** | gerund | Oliver *not said here* | saddle |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **put** | infinitive | Oliver *not said here* | Garin's shield |  | place |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent shield=Goal |
| 4 | **take** | past |  | a spear |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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