---
title: What is this," they said, "that Oliver, who was hurt well-nigh to de… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: What is this," they said, "that Oliver, who was hurt well-nigh to death, would now go forth to battle!" Who acts: this, Oliver. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 60

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What is this," they said, "that Oliver, who was hurt well-nigh to death, would now go forth to battle!"

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**Who acts:** this, Oliver · **What happens:** be, say, hurt, go, battle · **To what, where:** Oliver · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:16:60
# text = What is this," they said, "that Oliver, who was hurt well-nigh to death, would now go forth to battle!"
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
16	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
22	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
24	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
25	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	battle	battle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Oliver |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hurt** | past · passive |  | that Oliver |  |  |  | nigh *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **go** | would | that Oliver |  |  |  | now | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **battle** | to-infinitive | that Oliver *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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