---
title: He prayed aloud, saying, "O Lord God, now keep the valiant Oliver, t… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He prayed aloud, saying, "O Lord God, now keep the valiant Oliver, that he be not slain or taken. Who acts: King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Fought With Fierabras, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Fought With Fierabras, sentence 38

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He prayed aloud, saying, "O Lord God, now keep the valiant Oliver, that he be not slain or taken.

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**Who acts:** King · **What happens:** pray, say, keep, not be, take · **To what, where:** Lord God, valiant Oliver · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Fought With Fierabras. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:17:38
# text = He prayed aloud, saying, "O Lord God, now keep the valiant Oliver, that he be not slain or taken.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
9	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	valiant	valiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	cop	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	slain	slain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	parataxis	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | past | King |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | King *not said here* | Lord God |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent god=Topic |
| 3 | **keep** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the valiant Oliver |  |  | now |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oliver=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | infinitive | King |  |  |  |  | slain *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** *in a quote* | participle | King *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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