---
title: Was ever such courtesy in this world, Oliver helping this pagan to a… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Was ever such courtesy in this world, Oliver helping this pagan to arm, whom, being unarmed, he might full easily have slain, and the pagan having pity upon Oliver as not being his match in fighting and all the more when he saw that he had been wounded? Who acts: Oliver. A sentence of «Stories of Ch
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Fought With Fierabras, sentence 5

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Was ever such courtesy in this world, Oliver helping this pagan to arm, whom, being unarmed, he might full easily have slain, and the pagan having pity upon Oliver as not being his match in fighting and all the more when he saw that he had been wounded?

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**Who acts:** Oliver · **What happens:** be, help, have, not be, see, wound · **To what, where:** such courtesy, world, pagan, slain, fighting, Oliver

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Fought With Fierabras. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:17:5
# text = Was ever such courtesy in this world, Oliver helping this pagan to arm, whom, being unarmed, he might full easily have slain, and the pagan having pity upon Oliver as not being his match in fighting and all the more when he saw that he had been wounded?
1	Was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
2	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
3	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
10	helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	pagan	pagan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
19	unarmed	unarmed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	parataxis	_	_
24	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
26	slain	slain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
30	pagan	pagan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
31	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	amod	_	_
32	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
33	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	as	as	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
37	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	39	cop	_	_
38	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	fighting	fighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
43	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	45	det:predet	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	53	advmod	_	_
46	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	48	advmod	_	_
47	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
48	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	advcl	_	_
49	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	53	mark	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
51	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	aux	_	_
52	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	53	aux:pass	_	_
53	wounded	wound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | such courtesy |  | this world | ever | Oliver *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | gerund | Oliver *not said here* | this pagan |  |  |  | arm *obl* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pagan=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | arm *obl*; the pagan having pity upon Oliver *conj*; unarmed *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | present |  | slain |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slain=Patient |
| 5 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **not** **is** | gerund |  |  |  | fighting |  | as Oliver's match; Oliver *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 7 | **see** | past | Oliver |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 8 | **wound** | past · perfect · passive |  | Oliver |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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