---
title: His shield was broken in thirty places, and his breastplate pierced… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: His shield was broken in thirty places, and his breastplate pierced through with darts, and his body wounded many times. Who acts: breastplate, body. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, with its depe
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, sentence 32

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His shield was broken in thirty places, and his breastplate pierced through with darts, and his body wounded many times.

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**Who acts:** breastplate, body · **What happens:** break, pierce, wound · **To what, where:** shield, thirty places

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (breastplate, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:18:32
# text = His shield was broken in thirty places, and his breastplate pierced through with darts, and his body wounded many times.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	breastplate	breastplate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	pierced	pierce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	darts	dart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	wounded	wound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past · passive |  | done's shield |  | thirty places |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **pierce** | participle | done's breastplate |  |  |  |  | through darts | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent through dart=Patient |
| 3 | **wound** | past | done's body |  |  |  | time |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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