---
title: And ever Roland was in front, having his good sword Durendal in his… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: And ever Roland was in front, having his good sword Durendal in his hand. Who acts: Roland, front. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, sentence 46

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And ever Roland was in front, having his good sword Durendal in his hand.

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**Who acts:** Roland, front · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** front, good sword, hand

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, front), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:18:46
# text = And ever Roland was in front, having his good sword Durendal in his hand.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
3	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	Durendal	Durendal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Roland |  |  | front | ever |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | front *not said here* | Roland's good sword |  | Roland's hand |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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