---
title: As for Roland, though he swore that he would not turn back before he… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: As for Roland, though he swore that he would not turn back before he had delivered his comrades from captivity, yet he was constrained to depart from his purpose, for now the night began to fall, and no man knew by which way he should go. Who acts: Roland, night, man. A sentence of «Stories of Charl
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, sentence 49

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As for Roland, though he swore that he would not turn back before he had delivered his comrades from captivity, yet he was constrained to depart from his purpose, for now the night began to fall, and no man knew by which way he should go.

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**Who acts:** Roland, night, man · **What happens:** swear, not turn back, deliver, constrain, depart, begin · **To what, where:** comrades, captivity, Roland, purpose, way

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, night, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:18:49
# text = As for Roland, though he swore that he would not turn back before he had delivered his comrades from captivity, yet he was constrained to depart from his purpose, for now the night began to fall, and no man knew by which way he should go.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	comrades	comrade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	constrained	constrain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	depart	depart	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
34	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	37	advmod	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
37	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	43	det	_	_
43	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
44	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
45	by	by	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	47	det	_	_
47	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
48	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	nsubj	_	_
49	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	50	aux	_	_
50	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | Roland |  |  |  |  | as Roland | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **turn back** | would | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **deliver** | past · perfect | Roland | Roland's comrades |  | captivity |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent comrade=Theme from captivity=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **constrain** | past · passive |  | Roland |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Goal |
| 5 | **depart** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | Roland's purpose |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from purpose=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **begin** | past | the night |  |  |  | now |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **fall** | to-infinitive | the night *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **know** | past | no man |  |  |  |  | by which way | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 9 | **go** | should | Roland | which way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |
| 10 | **purpose** |  | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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