---
title: When he saw him, he said, "I have good cause to hate you, pagan that… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When he saw him, he said, "I have good cause to hate you, pagan that you are, for you are the cause whereby many of my men have been slain and taken prisoners, among them Oliver, than whom there is no one in the whole world dearer to me." Who acts: Charles, good cause, you. A sentence of «Stories of
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, sentence 53

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When he saw him, he said, "I have good cause to hate you, pagan that you are, for you are the cause whereby many of my men have been slain and taken prisoners, among them Oliver, than whom there is no one in the whole world dearer to me."

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**Who acts:** Charles, good cause, you · **What happens:** see, say, have, hate, be, slay · **To what, where:** Fierabras, good cause, you, many, prisoners, Charles · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, good cause, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:18:53
# text = When he saw him, he said, "I have good cause to hate you, pagan that you are, for you are the cause whereby many of my men have been slain and taken prisoners, among them Oliver, than whom there is no one in the whole world dearer to me."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
12	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	hate	hate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	pagan	pagan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	parataxis	_	_
28	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	29	advmod	_	_
29	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	54	advcl	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	_
38	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	among	among	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
42	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	than	than	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	47	obj	_	_
46	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	47	expl	_	_
47	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	54	cop	_	_
48	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	49	det	_	_
49	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
50	in	in	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
54	dearer	dear	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	27	parataxis	_	_
55	to	to	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	54	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Charles | Fierabras |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Charles |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Charles | good cause |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **hate** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | good cause *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |
| 5 | **does** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  | for the cause | tree rules |
| 7 | **slay** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | many of my men |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 8 | **take** *in a quote* | participle |  | prisoners |  |  |  | among Oliver  prisoners | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prisoner=Theme |
| 9 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  | Charles |  |  | dear *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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