---
title: Oliver answered, "I am a poor knight, Eugenes by name, born in Lorra… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Oliver answered, "I am a poor knight, Eugenes by name, born in Lorraine, my father being a yeoman, and these my comrades whom you see are poor knights also, and we have taken service with the King, hoping thus to get advancement and reward." Who acts: Oliver, father, you, comrades. A sentence of «St
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 23

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Oliver answered, "I am a poor knight, Eugenes by name, born in Lorraine, my father being a yeoman, and these my comrades whom you see are poor knights also, and we have taken service with the King, hoping thus to get advancement and reward."

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**Who acts:** Oliver, father, you, comrades, we · **What happens:** answer, be, bear, see, take, hope · **To what, where:** poor knight, Lorraine, yeoman, comrades, poor knights, service · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver, father, you, comrades), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:19:23
# text = Oliver answered, "I am a poor knight, Eugenes by name, born in Lorraine, my father being a yeoman, and these my comrades whom you see are poor knights also, and we have taken service with the King, hoping thus to get advancement and reward."
1	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Eugenes	eugene	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Lorraine	Lorraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	cop	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	yeoman	yeoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
26	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	comrades	comrade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
29	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	31	obj	_	_
30	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
32	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
35	also	also	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
41	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
42	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	hoping	hope	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	40	advcl	_	_
47	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
48	to	to	PART	TO	_	49	mark	_	_
49	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	advcl	_	_
50	advancement	advancement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	reward	reward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Oliver |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Oliver | a poor knight and Eugenes by name and a yeoman and poor knights |  |  |  | Eugenes by name *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **bear** *in a quote* | participle | Oliver *not said here* |  |  | Lorraine |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | gerund | my father | a yeoman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **see** *in a quote* | present | you | my comrades |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus |
| 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | my comrades | poor knights |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **take** *in a quote* | present · perfect | we | service |  |  |  | with the King | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent service=Theme |
| 8 | **hope** *in a quote* | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 9 | **get** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | advancement and reward |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer advancement=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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