---
title: Balan, who was father to Fierabras, hearing this came to the gate, a… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Balan, who was father to Fierabras, hearing this came to the gate, and seeing there Brullant, said to him, "Tell me, Brullant, my friend, how you have fared. Who acts: Balan. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fare
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 3

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Balan, who was father to Fierabras, hearing this came to the gate, and seeing there Brullant, said to him, "Tell me, Brullant, my friend, how you have fared.

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**Who acts:** Balan · **What happens:** be, hear, come, see, say, tell · **To what, where:** father, Fierabras, this, gate, Brullant, Balan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Balan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:19:3
# text = Balan, who was father to Fierabras, hearing this came to the gate, and seeing there Brullant, said to him, "Tell me, Brullant, my friend, how you have fared.
1	Balan	Balan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Fierabras	Fierabras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
10	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	obj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
18	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
19	Brullant	Brullant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
27	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Brullant	Brullant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	37	advmod	_	_
35	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	fared	fare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Balan | father | Fierabras |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | gerund |  | this |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 3 | **come** | past | Balan |  |  | the gate |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to gate=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **see** | gerund |  | Brullant |  | there |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer brullant=Stimulus |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | Balan |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  | Brullant | me |  |  | my friend *advcl* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 7 | **fare** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Balan |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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