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title: He was therefore in evil case, and most certainly had died but for G… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He was therefore in evil case, and most certainly had died but for Gerard of Montdidier, who kept him up so that he should not drown. Who acts: water, Gerard. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, with its depe
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 37

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He was therefore in evil case, and most certainly had died but for Gerard of Montdidier, who kept him up so that he should not drown.

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**Who acts:** water, Gerard · **What happens:** be, die, keep up, not drown · **To what, where:** evil case, water

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, Gerard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:19:37
# text = He was therefore in evil case, and most certainly had died but for Gerard of Montdidier, who kept him up so that he should not drown.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	_
10	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Gerard	Gerard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Montdidier	Montdidier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
23	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	28	mark	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	drown	drown	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | water |  |  | evil case |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | past · perfect | water *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for Gerard of Montdidier; certainly *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for gerard=Theme |
| 3 | **keep up** | past | Gerard of Montdidier | water |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **drown** | should | water |  |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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