---
title: Madam," said he, "they are French knights, servants of King Charles,… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Madam," said he, "they are French knights, servants of King Charles, and they have wrought great harm to our people, and done dishonour to our gods. Who acts: Madam, hall, maidens. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrade
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 55

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Madam," said he, "they are French knights, servants of King Charles, and they have wrought great harm to our people, and done dishonour to our gods.

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**Who acts:** Madam, hall, maidens · **What happens:** say, be, have, do · **To what, where:** French knights, wrought great harm, dishonour · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Madam, hall, maidens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:19:55
# text = Madam," said he, "they are French knights, servants of King Charles, and they have wrought great harm to our people, and done dishonour to our gods.
1	Madam	madam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod:desc	_	_
16	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
21	wrought	wrought	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
30	dishonour	dishonour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Madam |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | hall | French knights and servants of Charles  King |  |  |  | maidens *= maiden* *nsubj*; servants of Charles  King *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | maidens *= maiden* | wrought great harm |  |  |  | to our people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Patient |
| 4 | **do** | participle | maidens *= maiden* *not said here* | dishonour |  |  |  | to our gods | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dishonour=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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