---
title: We have been discomfited by King Charles, and Fierabras your son was… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: We have been discomfited by King Charles, and Fierabras your son was overcome in single fight by one of the King's Barons, and has been made a Christian man." Who acts: Charles. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades F
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 6

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We have been discomfited by King Charles, and Fierabras your son was overcome in single fight by one of the King's Barons, and has been made a Christian man."

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**Who acts:** Charles · **What happens:** discomfit, overcome, make · **To what, where:** We, Fierabras son, Christian man

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:19:6
# text = We have been discomfited by King Charles, and Fierabras your son was overcome in single fight by one of the King's Barons, and has been made a Christian man."
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	discomfited	discomfit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:desc	_	_
7	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	Fierabras	Fierabras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	overcome	overcome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	Barons	Baron	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discomfit** | present · perfect · passive | Charles  King | We |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **overcome** | past · passive |  | your Fierabras son |  |  |  | by one of the King's Barons; in single fight | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme in fight=Attribute |
| 3 | **make** | present · perfect · passive | Charles  King *not said here* | a Christian man |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: man=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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