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title: He is armed with an axe of steel with which to smite down any one th… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He is armed with an axe of steel with which to smite down any one that may presume to pass over the bridge against his will." Who acts: current, steel, one. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, with its dependency tr
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, sentence 69

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He is armed with an axe of steel with which to smite down any one that may presume to pass over the bridge against his will."

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**Who acts:** current, steel, one · **What happens:** be, smite down, presume, pass · **To what, where:** one, bridge

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (current, steel, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:20:69
# text = He is armed with an axe of steel with which to smite down any one that may presume to pass over the bridge against his will."
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	down	down	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	presume	presume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | current |  |  |  |  | with a axe of steel; armed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **smite down** | to-infinitive | steel | any one |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus one=Experiencer |
| 3 | **presume** | may | any one |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **pass** | to-infinitive | any one *not said here* |  |  | the bridge |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over bridge=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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