---
title: He said to the Duke Naymes, "Hear me; you must pay your toll for the… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He said to the Duke Naymes, "Hear me; you must pay your toll for the passing of this bridge." Who acts: porter, Duke Naymes, your. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, sentence 83

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He said to the Duke Naymes, "Hear me; you must pay your toll for the passing of this bridge."

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**Who acts:** porter, Duke Naymes, your · **What happens:** say, hear, pay, toll, pass · **To what, where:** Duke Naymes, porter, toll, bridge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porter, Duke Naymes, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:20:83
# text = He said to the Duke Naymes, "Hear me; you must pay your toll for the passing of this bridge."
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	toll	toll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	passing	passing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | porter |  | the Duke Naymes |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to naymes=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | porter |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 3 | **pay** *in a quote* | must | the Duke Naymes *= naymes* | your toll |  |  |  | for the passing of this bridge | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent toll=Asset for passing=Theme |
| 4 | **toll** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom toll «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **pass** *in a quote* |  |  | this bridge |  |  |  |  | nom passing «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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