---
title: This Gallafer the Porter believed, so boldly did the Duke speak, and… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: This Gallafer the Porter believed, so boldly did the Duke speak, and he let them pass by the drawbridge. Who acts: Gallafer, porter, shields. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, sentence 93

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This Gallafer the Porter believed, so boldly did the Duke speak, and he let them pass by the drawbridge.

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**Who acts:** Gallafer, porter, shields · **What happens:** believe, do, let, pass · **To what, where:** Duke speak, shields

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gallafer, porter, shields), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:20:93
# text = This Gallafer the Porter believed, so boldly did the Duke speak, and he let them pass by the drawbridge.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Gallafer	Gallafer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Porter	Porter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	boldly	boldly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	speak	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | this Gallafer |  |  |  |  | the Porter *nsubj* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | past |  | the Duke speak |  |  |  | boldly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speak=Eventuality |
| 3 | **let** | past | porter | shields *= shield* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pass** | infinitive | shields *= shield* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the drawbridge | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by drawbridge=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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