--- title: Then Roland laughed out, and said, "Sir Duke, you have indeed kept y… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics description: Then Roland laughed out, and said, "Sir Duke, you have indeed kept your word;" and when they had gone a little further Roland espied a Turk that was coming across the bridge, and without ado he lighted down from his beast, took the Turk by the middle, and threw him over the wall of the bridge into t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/20/94/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [Of the Bridge of Mantryble](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/20/) / 94 # Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, sentence 94 Then Roland laughed out, and said, "Sir Duke, you have indeed kept your word;" and when they had gone a little further Roland espied a Turk that was coming across the bridge, and without ado he lighted down from his beast, took the Turk by the middle, and threw him over the wall of the bridge into the river. **Who acts:** Roland, words, that, your · **What happens:** laugh out, say, keep, go, espy, come · **To what, where:** you, little, Turk, bridge, beast, Roland · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, words, that, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75339:20:94 # text = Then Roland laughed out, and said, "Sir Duke, you have indeed kept your word;" and when they had gone a little further Roland espied a Turk that was coming across the bridge, and without ado he lighted down from his beast, took the Turk by the middle, and threw him over the wall of the bridge into the river. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 Roland Roland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 laughed laugh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 out out ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 Sir Sir PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod:desc _ _ 11 Duke Duke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 14 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 15 indeed indeed ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 ccomp _ _ 17 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 20 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 22 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 25 advmod _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 obl:unmarked _ _ 28 further far ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 30 advmod _ _ 29 Roland Roland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 espied espy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 Turk turk NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 coming come VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 32 appos _ _ 36 across across ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 bridge bridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 41 without without ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 ado ado NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 43 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 lighted light VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 45 down down ADP RP _ 44 compound:prt _ _ 46 from from ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 50 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 Turk Turk PROPN NNP Number=Sing 50 obj _ _ 53 by by ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 56 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 57 and and CCONJ CC _ 58 cc _ _ 58 threw throw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 59 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 obj _ _ 60 over over ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 62 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ _ 63 of of ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 64 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 65 bridge bridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 nmod _ _ 66 into into ADP IN _ 68 case _ _ 67 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 68 det _ _ 68 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 69 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **laugh out** | past | Roland | | | | then | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Roland *not said here* | | | | | Duke Sir *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **keep** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive | | you | | | | your word *obj*; indeed *property* | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme word=Attribute | | 4 | **go** | past · perfect | words *= word* | a little | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **espy** | past | Roland | a Turk | | | | far *property* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer turk=Stimulus | | 6 | **come** | past · progressive | that | | | the bridge | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across bridge=Initial\_Location | | 7 | **light down** | past | Roland | | | Roland's beast | | without ado | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent from beast=Material | | 8 | **take** | past | Roland *not said here* | | the Turk | | | by the middle | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument turk=Destination | | 9 | **throw** | past | Roland *not said here* | Roland | | the wall of the bridge | | into the river *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer he=Theme into river=Result | | 10 | **word** *in a quote* | | your | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 93](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/20/93/) - next →: [sentence 95](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/20/95/) - ↑ back to [Of the Bridge of Mantryble](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/20/)