---
title: The Duke Naymes said to his companions, "I am the bearer of the King… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Duke Naymes said to his companions, "I am the bearer of the King's letter, and I therefore will speak first." Who acts: Duke Naymes, King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of Floripas, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of Floripas, sentence 2

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The Duke Naymes said to his companions, "I am the bearer of the King's letter, and I therefore will speak first."

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**Who acts:** Duke Naymes, King · **What happens:** say, be, speak, letter · **To what, where:** companions, bearer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of Floripas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:21:2
# text = The Duke Naymes said to his companions, "I am the bearer of the King's letter, and I therefore will speak first."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bearer	bearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
25	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke Naymes |  | Naymes's companions |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to companion=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the Duke Naymes *= naymes* | the bearer |  |  |  | of the King's letter | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | future | the Duke Naymes *= naymes* |  |  |  |  | first, therefore *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **letter** *in a quote* |  | the King |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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