---
title: But the Frenchmen made themselves masters of the palace, and having… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But the Frenchmen made themselves masters of the palace, and having shut fast the gates, were safe. Who acts: Frenchmen. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of the French Knights, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of the French Knights, sentence 52

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But the Frenchmen made themselves masters of the palace, and having shut fast the gates, were safe.

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**Who acts:** Frenchmen · **What happens:** make, shut, be · **To what, where:** Frenchmen, gates

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of the French Knights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frenchmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:22:52
# text = But the Frenchmen made themselves masters of the palace, and having shut fast the gates, were safe.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Frenchmen	Frenchman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	masters	master	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	aux	_	_
13	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
14	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the Frenchmen | Frenchmen *= frenchman* |  |  |  | masters of the palace *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset themselves=Beneficiary master=Product |
| 2 | **shut** | gerund · perfect | the Frenchmen *not said here* | the gates |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gate=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | the Frenchmen *not said here* |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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