---
title: Espoulart rode against the Frenchmen, and encountering Roland smote… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Espoulart rode against the Frenchmen, and encountering Roland smote him on the shield so great a blow that he was well-nigh stunned, but his flesh was not wounded. Who acts: Espoulart, encountering, flesh. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, O
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Guy of Burgundy, sentence 121

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Espoulart rode against the Frenchmen, and encountering Roland smote him on the shield so great a blow that he was well-nigh stunned, but his flesh was not wounded.

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**Who acts:** Espoulart, encountering, flesh · **What happens:** ride, encounter, smite, stun, not be · **To what, where:** Roland, Espoulart, shield

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Guy of Burgundy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Espoulart, encountering, flesh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:23:121
# text = Espoulart rode against the Frenchmen, and encountering Roland smote him on the shield so great a blow that he was well-nigh stunned, but his flesh was not wounded.
1	Espoulart	Espoulart	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Frenchmen	Frenchman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	encountering	encounter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
9	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
22	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	stunned	stun	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
32	wounded	wounded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | Espoulart |  |  |  |  | against the Frenchmen | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **encounter** | gerund |  | Roland |  |  |  |  | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer roland=Stimulus |
| 3 | **smite** | past | encountering | Espoulart |  | the shield |  | a great blow *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer blow=Result |
| 4 | **stun** | past · passive |  | Espoulart |  |  |  | nigh, well *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 5 | **not** **is** | past | Espoulart's flesh |  |  |  |  | wounded *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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