---
title: Now Roland stood at a window whence he could see the gallows-tree se… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Roland stood at a window whence he could see the gallows-tree set up. Who acts: Roland, thing. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Guy of Burgundy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Guy of Burgundy, sentence 42

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Now Roland stood at a window whence he could see the gallows-tree set up.

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**Who acts:** Roland, thing · **What happens:** stand, see, set up · **To what, where:** window, gallows

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Guy of Burgundy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:23:42
# text = Now Roland stood at a window whence he could see the gallows-tree set up.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Roland |  |  | a window | now |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at window=Location |
| 2 | **see** | could | thing | the gallows and tree |  |  |  | whence *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gallows=Stimulus |
| 3 | **set up** | participle |  | the gallows and tree *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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