---
title: On a certain day after these things Richard of Normandy said to his… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: On a certain day after these things Richard of Normandy said to his fellows, "How long are we to abide shut up in this Tower? Who acts: Richard, we. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 1

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On a certain day after these things Richard of Normandy said to his fellows, "How long are we to abide shut up in this Tower?

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**Who acts:** Richard, we · **What happens:** say, be, shut up · **To what, where:** fellows, Tower · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Richard, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:24:1
# text = On a certain day after these things Richard of Normandy said to his fellows, "How long are we to abide shut up in this Tower?
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
8	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Normandy	Normandy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
18	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	advmod	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	abide	abide	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
23	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	xcomp	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Richard of Normandy |  | Richard's fellows |  | after this things; day |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to fellow=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | we |  |  |  |  | abide, long *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **shut up** *in a quote* | participle | we *not said here* |  |  | this Tower |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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