---
title: This bridge," said he, "we must pass by subtlety, for by force we ca… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: This bridge," said he, "we must pass by subtlety, for by force we cannot. Who acts: bridge. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 129

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This bridge," said he, "we must pass by subtlety, for by force we cannot.

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**Who acts:** bridge · **What happens:** say, pass · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:24:129
# text = This bridge," said he, "we must pass by subtlety, for by force we cannot.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	subtlety	subtlety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | this bridge |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pass** | must | bridge |  |  |  |  | by subtlety; we *nsubj* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by subtlety=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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