---
title: Duke Richard was their leader, and with him was Duke Reyner and othe… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Duke Richard was their leader, and with him was Duke Reyner and others of great repute. Who acts: Duke Richard. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 137

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Duke Richard was their leader, and with him was Duke Reyner and others of great repute.

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**Who acts:** Duke Richard · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** leader, Duke Reyner

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Richard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:24:137
# text = Duke Richard was their leader, and with him was Duke Reyner and others of great repute.
1	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Reyner	Reyner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	repute	repute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Duke Richard | cloaks's leader and others of great repute |  |  |  | cloaks *= cloak* *nmod:poss*; others of great repute *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | Duke Reyner |  |  |  | with Richard | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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