---
title: Then the Duke, leaving his own horse, took King Clarion's for himsel… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the Duke, leaving his own horse, took King Clarion's for himself; never before had he ridden such a horse, so strong was it and so swift. Who acts: Duke. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy, with its dependency tree
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 47

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the Duke, leaving his own horse, took King Clarion's for himself; never before had he ridden such a horse, so strong was it and so swift.

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**Who acts:** Duke · **What happens:** leave, take, have, ride, be, swift · **To what, where:** own horse, King Clarion, horse, shore

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:24:47
# text = Then the Duke, leaving his own horse, took King Clarion's for himself; never before had he ridden such a horse, so strong was it and so swift.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Clarion	Clarion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	before	before	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	ridden	ride	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	xcomp	_	_
22	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	24	det:predet	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	parataxis	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	swift	swift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | gerund | the Duke *not said here* | Duke's own horse |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past | the Duke | King Clarion |  |  |  | for Duke | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent clarion=Theme for himself=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **have** | past | the Duke *not said here* |  |  |  | never | before *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **ride** | participle | Duke | such horse |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | past |  | shore |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **swift** | infinitive | the Duke *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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